justification - 2026 ACF Regionals

Packet C: Tossup 11

To criticize theories of this property, Laurence BonJour imagines a clairvoyant man named Norman (-5[1])thinking the president was in New York. (-5[2])To explain different levels of this property, Roderick Chisholm borrows legal terms like (-5[1])“beyond reasonable doubt” while (-5[1])explicating (-5[1])his theory of internalism. An Alvin Goldman (-5[2])paper argues (-5[1])that this property (10[1])comes from the reliability of (10[1])mental processes (10[1]-5[1])that lead (-5[1])to ideas; (10[1])that paper influenced reliabilism, (-5[1])which disagrees with evidentialism over the circumstances where beliefs can hold this property. (-5[4])In (-5[1])English, (10[1]-5[1])this (10[1])property (-5[2])is the first part of a traditional (10[2])three-word (10[3]-5[1])definition (10[9])criticized (10[5])by (10[2])Edmund (10[2])Gettier (10[7])in a 3-page (10[3])paper. (10[5]-5[1])For 10 points, according to a definition given by Plato in Theaetetus, (10[1]-5[1])what additional (-5[1])property must true belief (10[1])have to be (10[2])knowledge? (10[3])■END■ (10[15]0[6])

ANSWER: justification [or word forms like being justified; accept justified true belief; prompt on knowledge by asking “what property that knowledge relies on is being discussed?”; reject “warrant”]

<EC, Philosophy> | Packet C - Virginia Tech A, Waterloo A, UCSD A, UBC A

= Average correct buzzpoint

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Buzzes

Player	Team	Opponent	Buzzpoint	Value
Julian Sung	Oxford C	Edinburgh A	13	-5
Eveline Ong	Oxford A	Bristol	20	-5
Matt Sheldon	Oxford B	City St. George's	20	-5
Amir Dolansky	Toronto E	Toronto B	33	-5
Isaac Studley	Carleton College	Missouri A	37	-5
Agnijo Banerjee	Cambridge A	Warwick B	38	-5
Swapnil Garg	Berkeley A	Stanford B	45	-5
Ben Hellman	Swarthmore	NYU C	45	-5
Mitch McCullar	Penn State	Rochester	47	-5
Anuttam Ramji	Berkeley B	Berkeley C	50	10
Yihong Chen	Toronto C	UBC B	55	10
Alex Jiang	Brown	Harvard B	57	-5
Jack Lewis	Bruin	Georgia Tech D	57	10
Kevin Zheng	Michigan A	CWRU B	59	-5
Rayton Lin	Waterloo B	McGill B	61	10
Christopher Bradley	Southern Connecticut State	MIT	65	-5
Shreyas Sinha	Texas B	Texas A&M A	78	-5
Michael Wu	Southampton A	Cardiff	78	-5
Daniel Bloom	Edinburgh B	LSE	78	-5
Rachel Bentham	Manchester	Montpellier	78	-5
Mattias Ehatamm	Maryland A	Columbia C	79	-5
John Marvin	Chicago A	Purdue B	80	10
Jeffrey Xu	Georgia Tech A	Claremont	80	-5
Oliver West	Cambridge C	Imperial C	81	10
Elise Economou	Pittsburgh	Ohio State C	82	-5
Carson Kessler	Washington B	Iowa State	82	-5
Asha Basu	McGill A	Brock	89	10
Stuart Chandler-Baas	Carleton University	Toronto G	89	10
Michał Gerasimiuk	Stanford A	Berkeley D	90	10
Aryan Desarapu	Michigan B	Ohio State B	90	10
Andrew Wang	Illinois A	Chicago D	90	10
Mikey Brown	Birmingham	Warwick A	90	-5
Kevin Ye	Simon Fraser	Western B	91	10
Thomas Tibbetts	Central Florida C	Florida A	91	10
William Houston	Chicago B	Purdue A	91	10
Stephen Walsh	Northwestern B	Chicago C	91	10
Matthew Sumanen	Georgia Tech C	Alabama B	91	10
Charles Hang	WashU A	Tennessee A	91	10
Charlie Lowman	Imperial A	Durham	91	10
Charles Young	Columbia A	Vassar	91	10
Zachary Joseph	Columbia B	Johns Hopkins A	91	10
Seth Allen	McMaster A	Western C	92	10
Emmanuel Alayande	Florida B	Florida C	92	10
Joy An	Harvard A	Dartmouth B	92	10
Jisoo Yoo	Texas A	Murray State A	92	10
Cade Reinberger	RIT	Cornell B	92	10
Jesse Chusing	Ottawa	McMaster B	93	10
Carter Pisocky	Michigan C	Michigan State	93	10
William Henley	Illinois C	Illinois B	94	10
Eshan Pant	NYU A	Johns Hopkins B	94	10
Anh Khoa Tran	Central Florida A	Central Florida B	95	10
Jakob Meyers	Indiana A	Northwestern C	95	10
Nathaniel Martin	Brandeis B	Bowdoin B	95	10
Annika Larson	Claremont	Georgia Tech A	95	10
Alex Thomas	Georgia Tech B	Alabama A	95	10
Imran Abdul Rahman	UCL	Cambridge B	95	10
Rachel Ezrielev	Georgetown	Maryland C	95	10
Jake Meltzer	CWRU A	Ohio State A	98	10
Jonathan Schnipper	Brandeis A	Yale	98	10
Jerry Vinokurov	John Jay	Maryland B	98	10
Wyatt Johnson	CWRU B	Michigan A	99	10
Yaj Jhajhria	Washington A	Missouri B	99	10
Towery McNeil	Mississipi State	Tennessee B	99	10
Beckett Gillmore	Louisville B	Sewanee	99	-5
Rayhana Amjad	Edinburgh A	Oxford C	99	10
Gus Redding	Imperial B	Southampton B	99	10
Ishan Joshi	Toronto Metropolitan	Queen's	111	-5
Ted Warner	Bristol	Oxford A	111	10
Tosca Zhang	NYU B	Catholic	113	-5
Jonah Hubert	Notre Dame A	Indiana B	117	10
Yrwin Batan	MIT	Southern Connecticut State	120	10
Brandon Weiss	Columbia C	Maryland A	120	10
Ian Theysmeyer	Queen's	Toronto Metropolitan	121	10
Audrey Evans	Dartmouth A	Bowdoin A	121	10
Oliver Morten	Cardiff	Southampton A	121	10
Ryan Fang	Stanford B	Berkeley A	122	10
Eva Mandelbaum	Guelph	Western A	122	0
Sonia Zhang	Western A	Guelph	122	0
Joey Sun	Toronto B	Toronto E	122	10
Matthew Lam	Ohio State C	Pittsburgh	122	10
Wren Horne	Harvard B	Brown	122	10
Merrick Hill	Iowa State	Washington B	122	10
Owen Arneson	Missouri A	Carleton College	122	10
Dwight Solano	Texas A&M A	Texas B	122	10
Ben Tibbles	Sewanee	Louisville B	122	0
Olivia Kiser	Kentucky	Vanderbilt B	122	0
Jerry Lin	Vanderbilt B	Kentucky	122	0
Albert Nyang	LSE	Edinburgh B	122	10
Krishna Girish	Montpellier	Manchester	122	10
Chris Levesley	Warwick A	Birmingham	122	10
Danny Fisher	Warwick B	Cambridge A	122	10
Yiwei Jiang	NYU C	Swarthmore	122	10
Eli O'Sick Johnson	Binghamton B	Cornell A	122	0
Jackie Xu	Cornell A	Binghamton B	122	10
Rishi Pendyala	Cornell C	Binghamton A	122	10
Robert Chen	Rochester	Penn State	122	10

Summary

Tournament	Edition	Match	Heard	Conv. %	Neg %	Avg. Buzz
California (North)	Main Site	✓	3	100%	33%	87.33
Canada	Main Site	✓	10	90%	20%	90.33
Florida	Main Site	✓	3	100%	0%	92.67
Great Lakes	Main Site	✓	5	100%	40%	100.40
Midwest	Main Site	✓	8	88%	0%	94.00
Northeast	Main Site	✓	6	100%	33%	108.00
Overflow	Main Site	✓	4	100%	75%	109.50
South Central	Main Site	✓	2	100%	50%	107.00
Southeast	Main Site	✓	7	71%	14%	86.60
UK	Main Site	✓	12	92%	67%	107.73
Upper Mid-Atlantic	Main Site	✓	8	88%	38%	101.57
Upstate NY	Main Site	✓	4	100%	25%	114.50