Packet O: Tossup 15

Luminous novae named for having this property can be created when a star engulfs a planet or when two stars merge. Both the I (“eye”) band and a band quantifying this property are added to a common extension to the Johnson–Morgan system. The extent to which extinction from interstellar (10[1])dust imparts this property is quantified by the excess (10[1]-5[1])of B-minus-V. Ionized H II (“H-two”) regions in other galaxies appear to have this property due to their strong H-alpha lines. Objects with this property have spectral type M, such as a class of dwarfs that are the most common type of main sequence (10[1])star. This is the first property in the name of an evolutionary phase after the subgiant branch that (10[1])ends with the helium flash. For 10 points, post-main-sequence (10[2])stars expand (10[2])to become giants with what color? (10[3])■END■

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