Packet H: Bonus 18
A derivation by this scientist is often mythologized as a “swindle” since it fudged away a divergence introduced by the background density. For 10 points each:
[10m] What scientist names an instability that drives gravitational contraction of molecular clouds, leading to star formation?
ANSWER: James Hopwood Jeans [accept Jeans swindle or Jeans instability]
[10e] Including this term in Jeans’s derivation makes his swindle unnecessary. Albert Einstein introduced this fudge factor into his field equations to ensure a static universe, then repudiated it, but was finally vindicated by the discovery of dark energy.
ANSWER: the cosmological constant [prompt on uppercase lambda]
[10h] The developers of this theory accounted only for overdensities, so they introduced a fudge factor of 2 to make an integral come out to 1. This empirically successful formalism predicts the number of large-scale structures with a given mass in a given volume of the Universe.
ANSWER: the Press–Schechter formalism [or Press–Schechter theory; prompt on PS formalism or PS theory]
<GC, Other Science> | Packet H - Yale A, Ohio State C, Illinois C, Virginia Tech B, MIT A
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47 | 12.13 | 92% | 26% | 4% |
Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brock | Simon Fraser | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Carleton University | McGill A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | E |
| Ottawa | McMaster A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | E |
| Toronto B | Waterloo A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | E |
| Toronto C | Western C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | E |
| UBC A | Queen's | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | MEH |
| UBC B | Guelph | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | E |
| Waterloo B | Toronto E | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | MEH |
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California (North) | Main Site | ✓ | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| California (South) | Main Site | ✓ | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 67% | 0% |
| Canada | Main Site | ✓ | 8 | 13.75 | 88% | 25% | 25% |
| Great Lakes | Main Site | ✓ | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Midwest | Main Site | ✓ | 5 | 10.00 | 80% | 20% | 0% |
| Overflow | Main Site | ✓ | 3 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | Main Site | ✓ | 2 | 10.00 | 50% | 50% | 0% |
| Southeast | Main Site | ✓ | 5 | 12.00 | 100% | 20% | 0% |
| UK | Main Site | ✓ | 8 | 12.50 | 88% | 38% | 0% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | Main Site | ✓ | 7 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Upstate NY | Main Site | ✓ | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |