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Packet G: Bonus 14

A ratio of these quantities can be directly computed, while relative risk can only be indirectly inferred from a case-control study. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this measure of exposure–outcome association that, for a 2-by-2 contingency table, equals a times d over b times c. The log of this ratio is the dependent variable of logistic regression.
ANSWER: odds [or odds ratio; accept OR; prompt on p/(1 − p)]
[10e] Odds ratios are subject to the selection form of this phenomenon, since the selected sample does not accurately represent the population of interest.
ANSWER: bias [accept selection bias]
[10h] For a case-cohort study, relative risk approximately equals the odds ratio under this epidemiological assumption first identified by Jerome Cornfield. This assumption is unnecessary when performing “incidence-density” sampling.
ANSWER: the rare disease assumption [accept answers referring to the prevalence or incidence or probability of having the disease or outcome or condition being small; accept answers specifying that both a and c are small or negligible]
<GC, Other Science> | Packet G - McMaster A, Notre Dame C, Rutgers A, NYU A

HeardPPBE %M %H %
7310.9699%11%0%

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Conversion

TeamOpponentPart 1Part 2Part 3TotalParts
Iowa StateGeorgia Tech A010010E
Minnesota ACarleton College010010E
Missouri AMissouri B010010E
Washington AWashington B010010E

Summary

TournamentEditionMatchHeardPPBE %M %H %
California (North)Main Site✓36.6767%0%0%
California (South)Main Site✓410.00100%0%0%
CanadaMain Site✓1012.00100%20%0%
FloridaMain Site✓313.33100%33%0%
Great LakesMain Site✓510.00100%0%0%
Lower Mid-AtlanticMain Site✓710.00100%0%0%
MidwestMain Site✓810.00100%0%0%
NortheastMain Site✓514.00100%40%0%
OverflowMain Site✓410.00100%0%0%
South CentralMain Site✓210.00100%0%0%
SoutheastMain Site✓711.43100%14%0%
UKMain Site✓1210.83100%8%0%
Upstate NYMain Site✓313.33100%33%0%