Round 11: Tossup 9

Alan Mikhail’s “revisionist” history about this ruler is named for his adopted title of “God’s Shadow.” This ruler sent a fleet to defeat the first Portuguese siege of Jeddah. This ruler had an enemy ruler hanged on the Bab Zuwayla after the Battle of Ridaniya, concluding a campaign that started with the conquest of the Levant at Marj Dabiq. The Kurdish leader Idris Bitlisi aided this ruler in the first state persecution of Alevi Muslims. Al-Mutawakkil III apocryphally gave the title of caliph to this man after he took control of the three holiest cities of Islam by conquering the Mamluk Sultanate. (10[1])This ruler sacked Tabriz after using modern gunpowder (10[1])weapons in the Battle of Chaldiran to defeat Qizilbash cavalry led by Ismail I, the first Safavid Shah. For 10 points, what Ottoman sultan, father to Suleiman, had the epithet “the Grim”? ■END■

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