Round 1: Tossup 9

Using twin studies, Ashenfelter and Krueger found that estimates of this practice’s effects can be biased by measurement error. A “transformative” form of this practice results from a “disorienting dilemma” according to Jack Mezirow. Jerome Bruner integrated another model to create a “spiral” version of this practice by including an “exploration” element. (10[1])Psychological elements like abstraction were identified within four (10[1])“planes” in a method of this practice applied at the Casa dei Bambini. (10[1]-5[1])Benjamin Bloom created six goals for this practice, his namesake “taxonomy.” (10[3])Raj Chetty et al. found that Project STAR, a Tennessee experiment about heterogeneity in this practice at early ages, has significant effects on future income. For 10 points, name this practice, which psychologists study using the Montessori method. (10[2])■END■ (10[2]0[1])

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