Round 2: Tossup 9

Using twin studies, Ashenfelter and Krueger found that estimates of this practice’s effects can be biased (-5[1])by measurement error. A “transformative” form of this practice results from a “disorienting dilemma” according to Jack Mezirow. Jerome Bruner integrated another model to create a “spiral” version of this practice (-5[1])by including an “exploration” element. Psychological elements like abstraction were identified within four “planes” in a method of this practice applied at the Casa dei Bambini. (10[1])Benjamin Bloom created six goals for this practice, his namesake “taxonomy.” Raj Chetty et al. found that Project STAR, a Tennessee experiment about heterogeneity in this practice at early ages, has significant effects on future income. For 10 points, (10[1])name this practice, which psychologists study using the Montessori method. (10[1])■END■ (10[3])

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