Round 9: Tossup 8

The dynamics of three of these phenomena in a Sod tube are simulated in a standard benchmark for CFD simulations. The formation of a localized one of these phenomena violated ergodicity and prevented thermalization in the FPUT experiment. The intersection of characteristics generates a discontinuity representing one of these phenomena in the inviscid Burgers’ equation. (10[1])A third spatial derivative term causes one of these phenomena to undergo nonlinear dispersion in the Korteweg–de Vries equation. A class (10[1])of these phenomena that maintain their shape during propagation are called solitons. These phenomena (10[1])may undergo steepening when their crests move faster than their (10[1])troughs. For (10[1])10 points, (-5[1])name these (10[1])oscillatory disturbances (10[1])that transfer energy through a medium. ■END■ (10[2])

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