Round 12: Tossup 8

The dynamics of three of these phenomena in a Sod tube are simulated in a standard benchmark for CFD simulations. The formation of a localized one of these phenomena violated ergodicity and prevented thermalization in the FPUT experiment. The intersection of characteristics generates a discontinuity representing one of these (10[1])phenomena in the inviscid Burgers’ equation. (10[1]-5[1])A third spatial derivative term causes one of these phenomena to undergo nonlinear dispersion in the Korteweg–de Vries equation. A (10[1])class of these phenomena that maintain their shape during propagation are called solitons. These phenomena may undergo steepening when their crests move faster than their troughs. (10[1])For 10 points, (10[1])name these oscillatory disturbances that transfer energy through a medium. (10[1])■END■ (10[2])

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